Jun'ichiro MURAI , Ph.D.
	Professor The Psychology Department Faculty of Human Studies Bunkyo Gakuin University E-mail : murai_at_bgu.ac.jp

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Deceptive communication

Interpersonal relations

Psychologists' talk about psychology and mind

Psychological statistics education

Research methods in psychology

EDUCATION

Ph.D. The University of Tokyo, 2004 (Educational Psychology)

M.A. The University of Tokyo, 1996 (Educational Psychology)

B.A. The University of Tokyo, 1994 (Educational Psychology)

ACADEMIC POSITION

2009-present Professor, Bunkyo Gakuin University

2004-2009 Associate Professor, Bunkyo Gakuin University

2001-2004 Assistant Professor, Bunkyo Women's University

JOURNAL ARTICLES on DECEPTION

• Murai, J., Nose, I., & Takiguchi, Y. (2018) The more attractive, the less deceptive? Effects of female facial attractiveness on perceived deceptiveness. Psychology, 9, 529-539. doi: 10.4236/psych.2018.94032.

• Murai,J. (1998) The effects of personal relationships on perceived deceptiveness of verbal messages. Mathematical Linguistics,21(4), 162-169.

  Descriptors : perceived deceptiveness, verbal messages, personal relationships, sex differences.

  Abstract :
  The present study examined the effects of personal relationships on perceived deceptiveness of verbal messages. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups. The first group was instructed to recall one of their acquaintances, and to rate deceptiveness of nine verbal messages printed on a questionnaire. The second group was instructed to recall one of their opposite-sex friends to whom they had romantic feelings, and the third group was instructed to recall one of their close friends. The latter two groups also rated deceptiveness of the same messages as the first group did. As a result of the questionnaire administered to 125 university students, the subjects in the close friend group perceived the lowest deceptiveness among the three groups in all the messages.

• Murai,J. (1998) Perceived deceptiveness of verbal message : An examination of Information Manipulation Theory. The Japanese Journal of Psychology,69(5),401-407.

  Key words : perceived deceptiveness, verbal message, Information Manipulation Theory.

  Abstract :
  The present study examined, based on Information Manipulation Theory, four hypotheses concerning perceived deceptiveness of verbal message, derived from preliminary research. The hypotheses were: (1) An ambiguous message is perceived as more deceptive than an unambiguous one. (2) A message with contents of low frequency of occurrence and low verifiability is perceived as more deceptive than otherwise. (3) Perceived deceptiveness has a U-shaped relationship with length of message. (4) A message violating two maxims is perceived as more deceptive than that violating only one. An examination using a questionnaire, with 102 business college students, supported hypotheses (1) and (2). Examination of hypotheses (3) and (4) is left for future research. The computer program "GPOWER" was used in order to obtain appropriate sample size.

• Murai,J. (1998) The structure of beliefs about deceptive messages. Mathematical Linguistics,21(6),257-267.

  Descriptors : deceptiveness, verbal messages, beliefs.

  Abstract :
  The present study examined the structure of beliefs about deceptive messages, based on Information Manipulation Theory. A questionnaire was administerd to 102 university students. Subjects were instructed to recall the most typical situation in which a message from a person was felt to be deceptive, and to rate the characterisitics of the message using sixteen seven-point semantic differential scales. Factor analysis revealed two dimensions. The first factor contained items concerning manner and quantity. The second factor contained items concerning quality and relation. I labeled them "How it is said" and "What is said," respectively. Subjects also rated the most typical situation involving their own deceptive message, and rated the characteristics of the message. As a result of factor analysis, two factors were obtained. The first factor contained items concerning manner, relation and quantity, and the second factor contained items concerning quality.

• Murai,J. (1999) The effects of pleasantness of verbal messages on perceived deceptiveness in romantic relationships. The Japanese Journal of Psychology,70(5),421-426.

  Key words : perceived deceptiveness, pleasantness, verbal message.

  Abstract :
  The present study examined the effects of pleasantness expressed in verbal messages on their perceived deceptiveness. The hypothesis was that pleasant messages are perceived as less deceptive than neutral or unpleasant ones. To test the hypothesis, three types of messages were constructed: pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant. Sixty-seven university students answered the questionnaire in which they rated, on seven-point semantic differential scales, perceived deceptiveness in one of the three types of messages. The result indicated that the unpleasant messages were perceived as the most deceptive, while the pleasant ones the least deceptive. The computer program "GPOWER" was used in order to obtain appropriate sample size.

• Murai,J. (2000) Deception in everyday life of Japanese young adults. The Japanese Journal of Personality,9(1),56-57.

• Murai,J. (2004) Deceptiveness perceived in a verbal message : Is a message violating two maxims more deceptive than that violating only one? The Japanese Journal of Personality,12(2),116-117.

• Murai,J. (2005) The effects of an intensifier on perceived deceptiveness of a verbal message. The Japanese Journal of Personality,14(1),92-100.

  Key words : perceived deceptiveness, intensifier, verbal message.

  Abstract :
  This study was designed to use a questionnaire to determine the influence of an intensifier on perceived deceptiveness of a verbal message. It was predicted that a verbal message including an intensifier would be more deceptive than one without an intensifier. To test this prediction, two types of messages were constructed: a group of three messages including intensifiers and a group of three messages without intensifiers. Prior to the administration of the questionnaire, the computer program "GPOWER" was used in order to obtain appropriate sample size. Participants included 202 female university students who were assigned to respond to one of the two types of messages. They were asked to rate perceived deceptiveness using a seven-point rating scale. Contrary to expectations, perceived deceptiveness was not influenced by the intensifier. In addition, weak negative correlations were found between perceived deceptiveness and the General Trust Scale. The implications of these findings are discussed in this study.

• Murai,J. (2006) The effects of intensifiers and suspicions on perceived deceptiveness of verbal messages. The Japanese Journal of Language in Society,9(1),59-66.

  Key words : perceived deceptiveness, intensifier, suspicion, verbal message, Trust Scale.

  Abstract :
  A questionnaire was used to determine the influence of intensifiers and suspicion on perceived deceptiveness of verbal messages. Two types of messages (with and without intensifiers), and two situations (with and without suspicion) were constructed. Participants (157 university students), randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: (1) intensifiers and suspicion, (2) no-intensifiers and suspicion, (3) intensifiers and no-suspicion, and (4) no-intensifiers and no-suspicion were asked to rate perceived deceptiveness using a seven-point rating scale. A 2*2 ANOVA using perceived deceptiveness as the dependent variable and message type and situation type as the independent variables revealed only a significant main effect of situation type. In addition, no significant correlations were found between perceived deceptiveness and the Trust Scale. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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